老年人功能受损评估正式量表的建立

Development of the formal version of function impairment screening tool

摘要:

目的 由于国内外尚无功能受损的评估量表,本研究拟在前期通过德尔菲专家咨询法建立的老年人功能受损评估(FIST)初始量表的基础上,进一步构建适合我国老年人的FIST正式量表。方法 使用FIST初始量表对305例老年人进行调查,通过相关系数法、克朗巴赫系数法和因子分析法,分别计算各条目得分与总分的相关系数、校正条目的总相关系数(CITC)和删除某条目后的克朗巴赫系数、公因子方差和因子负荷进行条目筛选,得到正式量表。结果 共收到300份有效问卷,克朗巴赫系数法中CITC、删除该条目后的克朗巴赫系数和因子分析法中公因子方差、因子负荷均提示删除“社会活动”,予以删除该条目。相关系数法计算结果提示“进食”“洗漱梳头”“穿脱衣服”“控制大小便”需删除；克朗巴赫系数法计算结果提示“体育锻炼”需删除；经课题组专家讨论,删除“控制大小便”,其余条目予以保留。最终形成了包含3个一级指标和16个二级指标的FIST正式量表。结论 使用FIST初始量表进行预试验调查,通过经典统计学方法计算预试验结果,进行条目筛选,建立了老年人功能受损评估正式量表。

Abstract:

Objective In the absence of a functional impairment assessment scale, this study aims to develop the formal version of function impairment screening tool (FIST) for the Chinese elderly based on the preliminary version of FIST using Delphi method. Methods A total of 305 elderly adults were assessed using the preliminary version of FIST. With correlation coefficient method, Cronbach coefficient method and factor analysis method, we calculated the correlation coefficient between the score of each item and the total score, the corrected item-total correlation (CITC), the Cronbach′s α after deleting an entry, the common factor variance and the factor loadings. Based on the results, the formal version of FIST was developed. Results A total of 300 valid questionnaires were received. According to the statistical results, the “social activities” item was deleted. Although the statistical results revealed that “eating”, “washing”, “dressing”, “continence”, and “physical exercise” should be deleted, these items except “continence” were retained after panel discussion. The FIST was finalized with 3 first-level indicators and 16 second-level indicators. Conclusion Based on the results of a piloting investigation using its preliminary version, the FIST was finalized after item screening with classical statistical methods and the experts′ suggestions.