老年人贫血状况及病因分析

The status quo and etiology of anemia in the elderly population

摘要:

目的 探讨老年人群贫血的状况及病因。方法 回顾性分析2013年1月1日至2013年3月31日在解放军总医院诊治的年龄≥60岁患者的病例资料共10 307例。收集患者临床资料,按年龄进行分层,对各年龄段患者贫血发生率进行分析。考察性别、年龄、人员类别、就诊方式对贫血发生率的影响。依据患者临床诊断及各指标情况,分析贫血患者的病因分布特点。采用SPSS 22.0软件进行数据处理,依据数据类型,组间比较采用χ²检验。结果 贫血患者总发生率为23.4%(2 412/10 307)。随着年龄增加,贫血发生率逐渐升高(P<0.001)。就诊方式对贫血发生率有显著影响(P<0.001)。人员类别对贫血发生率无显著影响(P>0.05)。在贫血病因构成方面,居于首位的是不明原因性贫血,占46.4%(1 119/2 412),其次为慢性病性贫血,占34.6%(835/2 412),造血原料缺乏性贫血比例最小,占19.0%(458/2 412)。结论 老年人易发生贫血,且病因复杂,需要临床医师特别注意。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the status quo and etiology of anemia in the elderly. Methods A retrospective analysis was made of 10 307 patients aged ≥60 years, who were treated in Chinese PLA General Hospital between January 1,3 and March 31,3. Their clinical data were collected. They were stratified based on the age for the analysis of the incidence of anemia across age groups and influence of gender, age, population category and model of medical consultation on the incidence of anemia. According to the clinical diagnosis and indicators of the patients, distribution of causes was analyzed. SPSS statistics 22.0 was used for data processing, and according to data types, Chi-square test for comparison between groups. Results The overall incidence of anemia was 23.4% (2 412/10 307). The incidence of anemia increased with age (P<0.01). The model of medical consultation had a significant influence on the incidence (P<0.01), but category of population did not (P>0.05). Etiologic analysis found that unexplained anemia (1 119/2 412,6.4%) topped the list, followed by chronic disease (835/2 412,4.6%) and nutritional anemia (458/2 412, 19.0%). Conclusion The elderly patients are susceptible to anemia and the causes are complex, warranting special attention by the clinicians.