上海黄浦区离休干部血脂知识-态度-行为调查

Survey of knowledge, attitude and practice on blood lipids of retired cadres in Huangpu District of Shanghai, China

摘要:

目的 调查上海黄浦区离休干部血脂知识-态度-行为(KAP)现况及影响因素,为老年人群血脂异常的防治工作提供依据。方法 从黄浦区离休干部中完全随机抽取410例进行血脂检查及KAP问卷调查,根据血脂检查结果分为血脂正常组(对照组)和血脂异常组(研究组)。其中对照组120例,男性72例,女性48例。研究组290例,男性169例,女性121例。比较两组KAP得分及分析得分的影响因素。根据数据类型分别采用t检验、χ²检验或方差分析比较组间差异。多元线性逐步回归分析影响KAP得分的因素。结果 研究组女性的行为得分高于男性,差异有统计学意义[(9.74±1.80) vs (7.65±2.98)分；P＜0.05]。研究组中大专及以上学历人群的血脂知识、态度得分高于对照组[(21.02±8.56) vs (17.50±8.77)分,(7.27±1.69) vs(6.82±1.81)分；P＜0.05],合并高血压人群的态度得分明显高于对照组[(7.75±1.75) vs(6.86±1.65)分；P＜0.05],合并冠心病人群的血脂知识、态度和行为得分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。多重线性逐步回归分析结果表明知识得分主要受态度得分、年龄、文化程度3个因素影响；态度得分主要受行为得分、知识得分、年龄、收缩压(SBP)4个因素影响；行为得分主要受态度得分、体质量、空腹血糖(FBG)、尿酸(UA)4个因素影响。结论 应在老年人尤其是血脂异常的男性、高龄、低文化程度,以及合并高血压、冠心病、高血糖、高尿酸人群中,普及血脂健康教育,提高血脂知识水平,倡导科学的饮食结构、运动方法和生活习惯,降低血脂异常及心脑血管疾病的风险。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the status of knowledge-attitude-practice (KAP) on blood lipids and influencing factors among the retired cadres living in Huangpu District of Shanghai in order to provide references for the prevention and control of blood lipid abnormality among the elderly. Methods Totally 410 retired cadres living in Huangpu District were randomly sampled. They all underwent blood lipid test and KAP questionnaire survey on blood lipid. According to the results of blood lipid test, they were divided into normal blood lipid group (control group, n=120,2 males and 48 females) and abnormal blood lipid group (study group, n=290, 169 males and 121 females). The KAP scores were compared between the 2 groups, and the influencing factors of the scores were analyzed. SPSS statistics 18.0 was used to analyze the data. Student’s t test, Chi-square test or variance analysis were used for the intergroup comparison. Multivariate linear stepwise regression analysis were employed to analyze the factors affecting KAP scores. Results In the study group, the female subjects had significantly higher practice score than the males [(9.74±1.80) vs (7.65±2.98)score; P<0.05]. Compared with the control group, the subjects with college or above education levels had higher scores in knowledge and attitude [(21.02±8.56) vs (17.50±8.77)score, (7.27±1.69) vs (6.82±1.81)score; P＜0.05), and those complicated with hypertension had higher scores in attitude [(7.75±1.75) vs (6.86±1.65)score; P＜0.05], but those with coronary heart disease had lower scores in knowledge, attitude and practice (all P<0.05). Multiple factors linear stepwise regression analysis showed that the knowledge score was mainly influenced by the attitude score, age and education level, the attitude score by the practice score, knowledge score, age and systolic blood pressure, while the practice score by the attitude score, body mass, fasting blood glucose and uric acid. Conclusion For the elderly, especially those with abnormal blood lipids, senior aged, lower education levels, and those complicated with hypertension, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, and/or coronary heart disease, it is helpful to carry out heath education on blood lipids, promote the knowledge, and advocate the scientific diet structure, healthy exercise and life style habits to reduce the risk of blood lipid abnormality and cardiocerebral vascular diseases.