老年男性体检人群焦虑和抑郁调查分析

Survey on anxiety and depression symptoms among elderly males

摘要:

目的 探讨老年男性体检人群焦虑和抑郁的患病水平及主要影响因素,为早期开展针对性防控提供依据。方法 采用医院焦虑抑郁量表(HADS),对解放军总医院2015年3月至2015年7月1132例接受常规健康体检的老年男性进行横断面调查,年龄(75.2±9.5)岁,其中60～69岁364例,70～79岁363例,≥80岁405例。结果 老年男性体检人群焦虑和抑郁问题相对较轻,焦虑阳性率为2.5%,抑郁阳性率为4.3%。其中≥80岁高龄老年人的焦虑和抑郁阳性率分别为2.5%和6.4%。饮食偏好和睡眠障碍是影响老年男性人群焦虑和抑郁的危险因素。饮食偏好对焦虑和抑郁阳性率影响的OR值分别为2.10(95%CI:1.03~4.26,P=0.041)和1.84(95%CI:1.07~3.18,P=0.028)。睡眠障碍对焦虑和抑郁情绪阳性率影响的OR值分别为1.81(95%CI:1.10~2.97,P=0.002)和2.77(95%CI:1.47~5.23,P=0.020)。饮酒是老年男性人群抑郁的保护因素,其OR值为0.47(95%CI:0.27~0.84,P=0.010),即相对于现在不饮酒者(包括既往饮酒和从不饮酒),现在饮酒者发生抑郁的风险下降53%。结论 老年男性体检人群焦虑和抑郁问题相对较轻。饮食偏好、现在饮酒和睡眠障碍是影响因素。这也提示我们要重视老年人群的焦虑和抑郁问题,并早期开展针对性干预措施,以减少严重心理问题的发生。

Abstract:

Objective To analyze the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms in male elderly on physical examination, and investigate its main influencing factors in order to provide the basis for early prevention and control. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 1132 male elderly who took routine physical examination in our hospital from March to July 2015. They were at an age of (75.2±9.5) years, and divided into 60-69 (n=364), 70-79 (n=363) and ≥80 years old groups (n=405). Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) was used to assess their prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms. ResultsThe HADS of the subjects were relatively low, with a positive rate of 2.5% for anxiety and 4.3% for depression. But the positive rates were 2.5% and 6.4% respectively in ≥80 years old men. Special dietary preferences and sleep disorders were risk factors for anxiety and depression. The ORs of special dietary preferences were 2.10 (95%CI:1.03-4.26, P=0.041) for anxiety and 1.84 (95%CI:1.07-3.18, P=0.028) for depression. The ORs of sleep disorder were 1.81 (95%CI:1.10-2.97, P=0.002) and 2.77 (95%CI:1.47-5.23, P=0.020) respectively. Alcohol drinking was a protective factor for depression, with an OR of 0.47 (95%CI:0.27-0.84, P=0.010). That is, compared to the current non-drinkers (including those with previous alcohol consumption and those who never drinked), the risk of depression was decreased by 53% for current drinkers. Conclusion The anxiety and depression symptoms are relatively low among the male elderly on physical examination. Special dietary preferences, current alcohol drinking and sleep disorder are influencing factors. Doctors should pay attention to the anxiety and depression symptoms in the elderly, and carry out early targeted interventions to reduce the serious psychological problems.