通过老年综合评估分析北京市社区老年人的营养状况

Nutritional status in community-dwelling elderly in Beijing by comprehensive geriatric assessment

摘要:

目的 通过包括微型营养评定简表（MNA-SF）、慢病、生活方式以及其他老年问题的老年综合评估（CGA），了解北京市老年人营养状况及其影响因素。方法 对北京市朝阳区4个社区941例≥65岁、同意接受调查的老年人进行面对面调查。结果 4个社区老人年龄(75.8±7.0)岁，中位年龄76岁；体质量指数（BMI）(23.8±4.2)kg/m2。MNA-SF提示营养不良（0~7分）34例，占3.6%，营养不良风险（8~11分）407例，占43.3%，营养问题总计441例（46.9%）。营养问题的风险因素有：≥85岁（χ2=9.65，P=0.002）、女性（χ2=6.82，P=0.01）、单身（χ2=5.63，P=0.02）、仍工作（χ2=4.36，P=0.04）、合并≥3种慢病（χ2=3.71，P=0.05）及患慢性肺病（χ2=5.21，P=0.02）。结论 营养问题是社区常见的老年问题，建议加强教育，将营养筛查与评估纳入常规健康查体，尤其应关注高龄及共病老人。

Abstract:

Objective To investigate the nutritional status and its influencing factors in the community-dwelling elderly in Beijing by comprehensive geriatric assessment, including mini-nutritional assessment-short form (MNA-SF), chronic diseases, geriatric syndromes and life style. Methods A face to face investigation was carried out on 941 older people aged over 65 years who were living in 4 communities in Chaoyang District, Beijing and willing to participate our survey. Results The participants were at an age of (75.8±7.0) years, with medium age of 76 years. Their body mass index (BMI) was (23.82+4.2)kg/m2. The results of MNA-SF indicated that there were totally 441 subjects (46.9%) having nutrition problems, including 34(3.6%) of malnutrition (with the score ranging from 0 to 7) and 407 (43.3%) of the risk of malnutrition (with the score ranging from 8 to 11). Chi-square test demonstrated that the risk factors for nutrition problems were aged over 85 years (χ2=9.65, P=0.002), female (χ2=6.82, P=0.01), mateless (χ2=5.63, P=0.02), on-the-job (χ2=4.36, P=0.04), having 3 or more multimorbidities (χ2=3.71, P=0.05), and chronic lung disease (χ2=5.21, P=0.02). Conclusion Nutrition problems are common in the community-dwelling elderly. Health education should be strengthened, nutrition screening and assessment should be taken into routine physical examination. Special attention should be paid to the oldest and those with comorbidities.