Abstract:Objective Alpha-synuclein has been suggested to be related with the etiology of Parkinson’s disease (PD) and other neurodegenerative disorders. Hypoxia injury has been indicated to be associated with α-synuclein accumulation. But no report has linked the α-synuclein with the pathogenesis of stroke. This study aimed to investigate the level of oligomeric forms of α-synuclein in the patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Methods Fifty-five patients with PD, 55 patients with AIS and 55 healthy individuals were recruited in this study. Their blood samples were characterized by a sandwich ELISA with purified recombinant α-synuclein as a test standard for further detection. Results The level of oligomeric α-synuclein in the red blood cells was (0.41±0.14), (0.82±0.55), and (1.01±0.56)mmol/L respectively for the healthy control, PD and AIS groups. The AIS group had significantly higher α-synuclein level compared with either the healthy controls (P<0.001, 95%CI=0.426?0.773) or the PD patients (P=0.027, 95%CI 0.022?0.369). Conclusion The level of oligomeric α-synuclein in red blood cells is significantly higher in patients with AIS, which may be involved in the pathophysiological changes in AIS, while its clinical significance requires further exploration.