大电导钙离子激活钾通道在心血管疾病中的研究进展

Large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channel in cardiovascular diseases

摘要:

冠状动脉平滑肌细胞膜上存在许多大电导钙离子激活钾（BKCa）通道，在维持细胞正常生理活动中起重要作用。研究发现当细胞膜去极化或/（和）细胞内钙离子增加时，BKCa通道激活，开放增加，钾离子外流，细胞膜超极化，血管舒张。而在高血压、糖尿病、缺氧、心力衰竭和老化等许多病理情况下，BKCa通道功能发生改变，从而影响对血管功能的调节。本文主要综述近年来BK通道在心血管疾病中的研究进展。

Abstract:

Large conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (BKCa channel) are found to be abundantly expressed in the membrane of coronary vascular smooth muscle cells, and play an important role in the maintenance of cellular physiological functions. Evidence shows that cell membrane depolarization and/or increase in intra-cellular Ca2+ activates BKCa channels, then the opening of the channels enables K+ efflux, thus finally, membrane hyperpolarization and vasodilation take place. However, the functions of BKCa channels are altered under some pathophysiological conditions, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypoxia, heart failure, aging and so on. This alteration exerts dramatic impacts on vascular functions. The paper mainly reviewed the recent research progress in BKCa channel in cardiovascular diseases.