胰岛移植治疗糖尿病的现状和进展

Advances in pancreatic islet transplantation for the treatment of diabetes

摘要:

胰岛移植是治疗糖尿病尤其是1型糖尿病的一种简单有效的方法，相较与胰腺移植，它较为简单和方便，但存在组织来源匮乏和免疫移植排斥等障碍。新的胰岛分离纯化方法提高了供移植的胰岛的纯度和活性。成体干细胞研究、异种移植研究，有望解决移植的供源问题。Edmonton方案在胰岛移植的临床应用中具有里程碑意义。新型的免疫抑制剂和免疫诱导剂的研究可以提高临床胰岛移植的成功率。

Abstract:

Objective Pancreatic islet transplantation is effective in treating diabetes, especially in type 1 diabetes. It can provide diabetes management with good glycemic control and insulin independence. Compared to pancreas transplantation, islet transplantation is technically much simplier and safer. However, currently its clinical use is highly restricted by a series of influence factors, including lack of sufficient donor organs and the side effects of immunosuppressive therapy. With recent advances in methods of islet isolation and purification, we can get better donor organs. Deriving islet cells from other sources such as pigs, human pancreatic duct cells, fetal pancreatic stem cells, and embryonic stem cells will overcome shortage of donor organs. The use of the Edmonton protocol has been proved to be the key procedure of clinical islet transplantation. And study of new immunosuppressive drugs and immunomodulators can provide higher rate of success for clinical islet transplantation.