杨洁,王安辉,尚磊,雷云震,孙超,贾新,侯莉明,黎星,霍聪,许荣,刘艳,王晓明.西安社区老年人膳食结构及其与衰弱发生的相关性[J].中华老年多器官疾病杂志,2021,20(10):738~744 |
西安社区老年人膳食结构及其与衰弱发生的相关性 |
Dietary pattern and its correlation with frailty in the elderly from a community in Xi′an |
投稿时间:2021-08-16 |
DOI:10.11915/j.issn.1671-5403.2021.10.154 |
中文关键词: 老年人 衰弱 膳食模式 营养元素 蛋白质 |
英文关键词:aged frailty dietary pattern nutrients protein This work was supported by the Special Scientific Research Project for Military Healthcare |
基金项目:军队保健专项科研课题(19BJZ05);陕西省社会发展基金(2020SF-225) |
作者 | 单位 | 杨洁 | 空军军医大学 西京医院老年病科,西安 710032 | 王安辉 | 空军军医大学 流行病学教研室,西安 710032 | 尚磊 | 空军军医大学 统计学教研室,西安 710032 | 雷云震 | 空军军医大学 西京医院老年病科,西安 710032 | 孙超 | 空军军医大学 西京医院老年病科,西安 710032 | 贾新 | 空军军医大学 西京医院老年病科,西安 710032 | 侯莉明 | 空军军医大学 西京医院老年病科,西安 710032 | 黎星 | 空军军医大学 西京医院老年病科,西安 710032 | 霍聪 | 空军军医大学 西京医院老年病科,西安 710032 | 许荣 | 空军军医大学 西京医院老年病科,西安 710032 | 刘艳 | 空军军医大学 西京医院老年病科,西安 710032 | 王晓明 | 空军军医大学 西京医院老年病科,西安 710032 |
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中文摘要: |
目的 探讨西安社区老年人膳食结构及其对衰弱发生的影响。方法 2018年11月至2019年8月对西安某社区≥65岁的老年人进行横断面调查,根据Fried衰弱量表将其分为3组:非衰弱组、衰弱前期组和衰弱组,从各组中随机选择100人开展膳食调查。调查3组人群一般社会人口学特征,并应用膳食问卷量表调查近3 d食物种类与定量,使用因子分析确定膳食模式。采用SPSS 25.0统计软件进行数据分析。根据数据类型,分别采用秩和检验或χ2检验进行组间比较。采用多元logistic回归分析膳食模式与衰弱的相关性。结果 本研究共筛查1693名老年人,其中非衰弱组724名老年人,衰弱前期组694名老年人,衰弱组275名老年人。衰弱总患病率为16.2%(275/1693),男性与女性患病率比较(15.7%和 16.6%),差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。通过调查确定了普通和肉豆油膳食两种模式。相比于普通膳食模式,肉豆油膳食模式摄入更多肉类、豆类和油类,且铁、维生素E、不饱和脂肪酸也明显偏高,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。普通膳食模式中衰弱组膳食因子得分高于非衰弱组[-0.08(-0.40,0.36)和-0.32(-0.59,0.06)];衰弱前期组膳食因子得分高于非衰弱组[-0.14(-0.43,0.21)和-0.32(-0.59,0.06)],差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。在肉豆油膳食模式中,3组人群膳食因子得分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。多元logistic回归分析显示,普通膳食模式得分与衰弱呈正相关,对年龄、性别、子女数量、慢病情况、手术病史、锻炼次数等因素进行校正后,结果一致。结论 衰弱老年人更倾向于普通膳食模式,普通膳食模式与衰弱发生风险呈正相关,老年人应加强蛋白质、脂肪和膳食纤维等营养素的摄入。 |
英文摘要: |
Objective To investigate the dietary pattern and its influence on frailty in the elderly from a community in Xi′an. Methods From November 2018 to August 2019, a cross-sectional survey was conducted among the people aged 65 years or older dwelling in a community of Xi′an. According to the results of Fried phenotype of frailty, they were divided into three groups, that is, non-frail group, pre-frail group and frail group, with 100 people randomly selected from each group for further dietary survey. The general socio-demographic characteristics were investigated for the three groups. Dietary questionnaire and factor analysis were employed to investigate the types and quantity of food in the last 3 days and dietary patterns, respectively. SPSS statistics 25.0 was used for data analysis, rank sum test or Chi-square test was used for intergroup comparison based on different data types. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the correlation between dietary pattern and frailty. Results There were 1 693 elderly people subjected in this study, including 724 in the non-frail group, 694 in the pre-frail group, and 275 in the frail group. The total prevalence of frailty was 16.2% (275/1 693), but no significant difference was seen between males and females (15.7% vs 16.6%, P>0.05). Two dietary patterns, ordinary and meat-legume-oil diets, were identified through the survey. Compared with the ordinary dietary pattern, the elderly taking the meet-legume-oil dietary pattern consumed more meat, beans and oil, and significantly higher amounts of iron, vitamin E and unsaturated fatty acids (P<0.05). For those taking ordinary dietary pattern, the scores of dietary factors were obviously higher in the frail group than the non-frail group [-0.08 (-0.40,0.36) vs -0.32 (-0.59, 0.06), P<0.05], so as the pre-frail group and the non-frail group[-0.14(-0.43,0.21) vs -0.32(-0.59,0.06), P<0.05], respectively. But for the elderly taking meet-legume-oil dietary pattern, there were no significant differences in the scores of dietary factors among the three groups (P>0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the score of ordinary dietary pattern was positively correlated with frailty, and the results were consistent after adjustment for age, gender, number of children, chronic disease, surgical history, and exercise frequency. Conclusion Frail elderly people are more inclined to the ordinary dietary pattern, which is positively correlated with the risk of frailty. The elderly should strengthen their intake of nutrients such as protein, fat and dietary fiber. |
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