老年维持性血液透析患者生存质量调查现状及影响因素研究

摘要:

摘要：目的 探究老年维持性血液透析（MHD）患者生存质量现状，并分析其影响因素。方法 选取本院2021年3月~2023年6月收治的140例老年MHD患者为研究对象。收集患者基础及临床资料，采用简明健康调查表（SF-36）调查患者生存质量，采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数量表（Pittsburgh sleep quality index，PSQI）评估患者睡眠情况，采用汉密顿抑郁量表（Hamilton Depression Scale，HAMD）与汉密尔顿焦虑量表（Hamilton Anxiety Scale，HAMA）评估患者抑郁和焦虑情况，应用SPSS26.0软件进行数据处理，正态分布的计量资料描述，行t检验或单因素方差分析。采用多元线性回归分析老年MHD患者生存质量的影响因素。结果 140例老年MHD患者SF-36量表中生理健康、心理健康得分分别为13.85±17.19、156.24±11.73分。单因素分析表明，不同年龄、学历、婚姻状态、工作状况、家庭人均月收入、睡眠情况、焦虑的老年MHD患者生理健康得分相比有差异（P＜0.05）；不同家庭人均月收入、医疗费用支付方式、社会支持、焦虑、抑郁的老年MHD患者心理健康得分相比有差异（P＜0.05）。Spearman相关性分析显示，年龄与生理健康得分呈负相关，家庭人均月收入、睡眠情况与生理健康得分呈正相关（r=-0.371、0.396、0.462；P＜0.001）；家庭人均月收入、社会支持与心理健康得分呈正相关，焦虑、抑郁与心理健康得分呈负相关（r=0.387、0.525、-0.403、-0.369；P＜0.001）。多元线性回归分析显示，年龄、家庭人均月收入、睡眠情况为老年MHD患者生理健康的影响因素（P＜0.05）；家庭人均月收入、社会支持、焦虑、抑郁为老年MHD患者心理健康的影响因素（P＜0.05）。结论 老年MHD患者生存质量偏低，年龄、家庭人均月收入、睡眠情况、社会支持、焦虑、抑郁均为其影响因素。

Abstract:

Abstract: Objective To explore the status quo of quality of life in elderly patients with maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and analyze its influencing factors. Methods 140 elderly MHD patients admitted to our hospital from March 2021 to June 2023 were selected as the study objects. The basic and clinical data of patients were collected, the quality of life of patients was investigated by using the abbreviated Health Questionnaire (SF-36), and the sleep status of patients was assessed by the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA) were used to assess patients' depression and anxiety, and SPSS26.0 software was used for data processing. The measurement data of normal distribution were described by t test or one-way ANOVA. Multiple linear regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of quality of life in elderly MHD patients. Results The physical and mental health scores of 140 elderly MHD patients in SF-36 scale were 13.85±17.19 and 156.24±11.73, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the physiological health scores of elderly MHD patients with different age, education, marital status, working status, per capita monthly family income, sleep status and anxiety were different (P < 0.05). The mental health scores of elderly MHD patients with different family per capita income, medical expenses payment, social support, anxiety and depression were different (P < 0.05). Spearman correlation analysis showed that age was negatively correlated with physical health score, and family per capita monthly income and sleep were positively correlated with physical health score (r=-0.371, 0.396, 0.462; P < 0.001); Family per capita monthly income and social support were positively correlated with mental health scores, while anxiety and depression were negatively correlated with mental health scores (r=0.387, 0.525, -0.403, -0.369; P < 0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that age, per capita monthly family income and sleep status were the factors affecting the physiological health of elderly MHD patients (P < 0.05). Family per capita monthly income, social support, anxiety and depression were the influencing factors of mental health in elderly MHD patients (P < 0.05). Conclusion The quality of life of elderly MHD patients is low, and age, family per capita monthly income, sleep status, social support, anxiety and depression are all influencing factors.